Colonial Woodworking



How To Understand the Basics of Wood Working.



colonial woodworking
 

Recognize the principles.
 

A wood coating is a clear, transparent finishing applied to timber to secure it from dampness and to make it look richer and much deeper. This differs from paint, which is a wood surface packed with enough pigment to hidethe timber. 
And also it differs from a discolor,which is a wood surface and a colorant (pigment or color) with a lot of thinner added so the excess tarnish is easy to . The colonial woodworking rest simplycolors the wood; it doesn't hide the timber.
Sadly, the term " coating" also describes the entire built-up covering, which could consist of stain, a number of coats of coating (a "coat" is one application layer) and possibly some tinting actions-- for instance, glazing or toning-- in between these layers. For one reason or another, we have only one word to describe both the clear layer used, and to all the steps used.
Generally, the context explains to which is being referred.


Colonial Woodworking: Purpose of a Finish

A coating serves 2 objectives: defense and design.

Protection suggests resistance to moisture infiltration. In all situations, the thicker the finish, the a lot more moisture-resistant it is. Three coats are much more safety than 2, as an example. Steamed linseed oil, one hundred percent tung oil and also wax will certainly dry out soft andgummy, nonetheless, so all the extra has to be rubbed out after each application to attain a useful surface. Therefore, no substantial thickness can be attained.Protection is limited with these surfaces.

Surfaces embellish by making wood lookricher as well as much deeper. The impact is much less significant on unstained lighter woods such as maple as well as birch, as well as greater on stained as well as darker timbers such as cherry and walnut.

 

Kinds Of Timber Finish

Common classifications of timber surfaceinclude the following:

Oil ( steamed linseed oil, 100 percent tung oil and blends of these oils and also varnish).

Oil-based varnish ( consisting of alkyd, polyurethane, spar, cleaning and gel varnish).

Water-based coating (a surface that thins as well as tidies up with water).

Shellac (an old coating originated fromresin secretions of the lac insect).

Lacquer (the finish utilized on nearly all mass-manufactured household furniture made since the 1920s).

A large number of two-part, high-performance coatings utilized in industry and also by numerous professional cupboard stores.

Wiping varnish is alkyd or polyurethane varnish thinned about fifty percent with mineral spirits so it's very easy to wipe on and rub out. You can make your very own, or there are a lot of brand names, which, regrettably, are improperly classified. read more on cleaning varnish below).
 

The primary differences in the surfaces are asfollows:

■ Scrape, solvent and also heat resistance. Oil-based varnishes and also high-performance surfaces offer the best scrape, solvent as well as heat resistance. Water-based finishes are next. 

Shellac and lacquer are susceptible to all 3 kinds of damages. Oil is as well slimto be effective.

■ Shade. Water-based colonial woodworking coatings include little shade to thewood. All other surfaces ( other than perhaps CAB-Acrylic) include some level of yellow-to-orange coloring.

■ Drying out time. Shellac, lacquer and high-performance surfaces dry out the fastest. Water-based coatings are next. Varnish as well as oil need overnight drying out in a warm space.

■ Solvent security. Steamed linseed oil and also 100 percent tung oil are the least poisonous surfaces to take a breath throughout application since they do not have solvent. Water-based surfaces (thinned with water and a little solvent)and shellac (thinned with denatured alcohol) are next. 

Oil-based varnish thins with mineral spirits (paint thinner), which some people find objectionable however which isn't especially harmful. Lacquer as well ashigh-performance surfaces slim with solvents that are one of the most harmful to be about.
 

Colonial Woodworking: Sealing Wood.

The first layer of any kind of finish seals the wood-- that is, stops up the pores in the timber so the following coat of coating (or various other fluids) does not permeate quickly. This initial coat increases the grain of the timber, making it really feel harsh. You mustsand this very first coat (with simply your returning the sandpaper) to make it really feel smooth. You do not need a unique item for this first layer unless you have a couple of problems you wish to get rid of.

■ Alkyd varnish as well as lacquer can mess up sandpaper when fined sand, so makers of each provide a unique item called " fining sand sealer" with dry lubricating substances contributed to make sanding less complicated and speed yourwork.

Sanding sealants weaken thefinish, nonetheless, so you need to utilize them only when you're ending up a large task or doing production job.

■ Often, there are issues in the timber that have to be blocked off with a special sealant so they do not telegram with all the coats. These troubles are resinous knots in softwoods such as ache, silicone oil from furnishings brightens that creates the finish to bunch up into ridges or burrow right into craters, as well as smoke as well as animal-urine odors. The surface that blocks these problems (" seals them in") is shellac, as well as it should be made use offor the first layer. Notice that, with the exception of resinous knots, the problems are related to refinishing.

 

Shine.

Oil-based varnishes, water-based surfaces and also lacquers are offered in a range of sheens, varying from gloss to flat. All sheens aside from gloss are created by the solid-particle "flatting representatives" makers add to thefinish. The more flatting representative added, the flatter the luster. These flatting particles settle to the bottom of the container, so you have to mix them right into suspension before each use. Colonial Woodworking

You can obtain any type of shine you desire by pouring off a few of the gloss from a can in which the flatting representative has settled ( do not allow the store clerk shake the can) as well as mixing the two parts. 

Or you can mix cans of gloss as well as satin to obtain something in between. You will certainlyneed to use the surface to see the sheen you'll obtain. It's the last layer you use that figures out the sheen (there is no advancing effect), so you can explore each coat.

 

Complete Application.

Oil, wax, cleaning varnish and gel varnish can be used with a cloth or brush, then wiped off. The otherfinishes are typically applied with a brush or spray gun.

Cleaning is basic-- basically no different than cleaning paint. Spraying is additionallysimple, but spray-gun care and also adjusting is more challenging, and spray guns and their resourcesof air (compressor or wind turbine) are significantly more pricey than brushes.
 

Application Issues.

Typical problems as well as methods to prevent them:.

■ Brush marks and also orange peel. Get rid of these by thinning the surface 10 percent to 30 percent so it levels better.

■ Runs and also droops. See what is taking place in a reflected light and brush out the runs as well as droops as they take place.

■ Dirt nibs. Keep your tools, the finish as well as the air in the area as tidy as feasible.

■ Bubbles. Brush back over to pop the bubbles, or slim the surface 10 percent to 30 percent so the bubbles have even more time to pop out.

No matter what the problem, you can constantly repair it by fining sand the coating level and using another coat.


 

Colonial Woodworking